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	<title>Antoja.Org</title>
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	<link>http://www.antoja.org</link>
	<description>Car and Automotive blog</description>
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		<title>Toyota Exceeded Gm as 2006 Top Automaker</title>
		<link>http://www.antoja.org/114/toyota-exceeded-gm-as-2006-top-automaker.htm</link>
		<comments>http://www.antoja.org/114/toyota-exceeded-gm-as-2006-top-automaker.htm#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 04 Sep 2010 19:07:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Accessories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[2006]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Automaker]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Exceeded]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toyota]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.antoja.org/114/toyota-exceeded-gm-as-2006-top-automaker.htm</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
Toyota Motor Corp. exceeded General Motors (GM) in the 2006 overall sales, making the Japanese auto maker the biggest car maker all over the world. But according to a leading auto industry journal, Reuters reported that many had expected that the surpassing will take place in 2007. 
&#13;
The huge and top Japanese auto maker outstripped [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
Toyota Motor Corp. exceeded General Motors (GM) in the 2006 overall sales, making the Japanese auto maker the biggest car maker all over the world. But according to a leading auto industry journal, Reuters reported that many had expected that the surpassing will take place in 2007. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>The huge and top Japanese auto maker outstripped GM by nearly 128,000 units last year. The figure was based on a technicality which excludes sales of vehicles at minority-held subsidiaries and this data was written in Detroit-based weekly Automotive News, whose data centre publishes a ranking, which is widely quoted, of the world&#8217;s automakers around in the present generation every year.</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>The Automotive News holds the statement published by Crain Communications that in Toyota’s success, a little-known Chinese microvan played a vital role. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>According to the journal, GM included the seven-seat microvan and other Wuling-brand vehicles engineered by a three-way venture with China&#8217;s Shanghai Automotive Industry Corp. (SAIC) and Liuzhou Wuling Automobile even though it owns just a small part (less than half) of the company. This was based on the Automotive News’ final tally for 2006. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>The 420,140 units was credited with a 51 percent-owner SAIC by the Automotive News and this figure represents the venture sold in 2006. As a result, GM had set global sales at 8,679,860 units in 2006, versus 8,808,000 for Toyota.</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>The Automotive News Data Center includes in its ranking the sales of a subsidiary in the total for the parent company with the majority stake.</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>GM at present is in the sore of avoiding restructuring but, fortunately, is growing rapidly in China. For 76 years, the car company has claimed the top spot for, including 2006.</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>In April, Toyota and GM posted the first quarter of 2007 sales figures which revealed that the Japanese automaker was edging past by 90,000 units its U.S. competitor. And since it was the first time ever that GM was surpassed by Toyota as the top auto maker, the news triggered extensive media coverage. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Corresponding with Automotive News&#8217; tally, Toyota’s sales figures include those at units Daihatsu Motor Co. and Hino Motors Ltd. On the other hand, GM is composed of a dozen of brands that include Chevrolet, Buick, Opel and Saab.</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Even by GM&#8217;s count after it projected sales of 9.34 million units versus the U.S. giant&#8217;s forecast for 9.2 million, Toyota is almost certain to take the lead for the entire year of 2007. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>About Toyota Motor Corporation</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Toyota Motor Corporation, or simply known as Toyota, is a Japanese multinational corporation and the largest automaker (followed by General Motors) all over the world by sales revenue as of the first sales quarter of 2007. Last year, the company along with its half-owned subsidiary Daihatsu was the world&#8217;s second largest auto company by revenue, the most profitable auto maker in terms of net income, and the eighth largest company in the world according to revenues. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>The company is portion of the Toyota Group and is its biggest company. The brands, divisions and companies of Toyota, Lexus, Scion, and parts of Daihatsu are owned and operated by Toyota. And as a whole, the company has 522 subsidiaries. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Founded in 1937, Toyota was established by Kiichiro Toyoda as a by product of his father&#8217;s company Toyota Industries to build automobiles.</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>For 2007, Toyota plans to produce 9.4 million vehicles. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>About General Motors Corporation</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Also known as GM or GMC, General Motors Corporation is the 2nd (after Toyota) largest car company based on sales revenue as of 2007. Maker of quality cars and their parts, GMC has around 284,000 employees all over the world. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>It was founded in 1908, in Flint, Michigan and has global headquarters located at the Renaissance Center in Detroit, Michigan, USA. In Zurich, Switzerland is their European headquarters. This American car maker produces its trucks and cars in 33 countries. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>GM cars and trucks are sold under Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, Daewoo, GMC, Holden, Hummer, Opel, Pontiac, Saab, Saturn and Vauxhall brands. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>GM Parts like GMC car cover and accessories are known in the market under GM Performance Parts, GM Goodwrench and ACDelco brands through GM Service and Parts Operations that supplies GM dealerships and distributors all over the world. The United States is GM&#8217;s largest national market. This is followed by China, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Germany. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>GM is the number 1 automaker when it comes to Strategic Vision&#8217;s Total Quality Index (TQI). </p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>Finding a Honda Dealer in Your Area</title>
		<link>http://www.antoja.org/152/finding-a-honda-dealer-in-your-area.htm</link>
		<comments>http://www.antoja.org/152/finding-a-honda-dealer-in-your-area.htm#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 03 Sep 2010 23:06:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Car]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Area]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dealer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Finding]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Honda]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.antoja.org/152/finding-a-honda-dealer-in-your-area.htm</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[There are many Honda dealers that may be in your area, but you may not know anything about them and what they have to offer you. What kind of car is good for me? Why buy a Honda? How do I find them? These are all questions that you may be asking yourself.
&#13;
What Kind Of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There are many Honda dealers that may be in your area, but you may not know anything about them and what they have to offer you. What kind of car is good for me? Why buy a Honda? How do I find them? These are all questions that you may be asking yourself.</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>What Kind Of Honda Should I Get?</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>There are many kinds of Honda cars that you can chose from. The key is knowing what you need in a vehicle and what you may want to use it for. Honda has many cars and trucks that you can pick from. These are anything from cars to trucks and depending on what you plan to do with your new vehicle; you will want to pick the one that is best for your needs. If you are going to need to tow any kind of trailer, then you are going to need a truck or a suv for your needs. If you are just going to be driving to work and back, then you will probably only need a smaller car.</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Why Buy A Honda?</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Honda cars and trucks are some of the most reliable for the money that you will spend on them. You should research the kind of vehicle that you want to purchase so that you are aware of all the good and bad that you may encounter. Honda cars are also very good priced compared to what the running rate is on new vehicles. The costs of repairs are also very reasonable and easy for a dealer to complete for you.</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>How Do You Find A Honda Dealer?</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>There are many ways that you may find a good dealer to purchase your new Honda car or truck. The first place that you can look is in the phone book. This is because most car dealers have ads in there with their phone numbers. You may also be able to find information about various Honda dealers in your area on the Internet. Most car dealers have websites now that can show you all kinds of information that you may not have known before you started looking for a new car in the first place.  You may be able to even take a virtual test drive on the website of the dealer in your area. You just have to look at the sites and then decide if you want to make the trip to their car lot.</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>There are many things that you should think about when you are looking into a new car, but you may find that the best deals for you can be found with a Honda car or truck.  You should look at the different options that you have for vehicles and decide what kind is right for you and your situation. A Honda dealer will be able to tell you what the car has to offer you and what the specs are on that certain kind of vehicle.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<item>
		<title>Mazda Head Gasket Helps the Engine System</title>
		<link>http://www.antoja.org/133/mazda-head-gasket-helps-the-engine-system.htm</link>
		<comments>http://www.antoja.org/133/mazda-head-gasket-helps-the-engine-system.htm#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 02 Sep 2010 03:46:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Car]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Engine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gasket]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Head]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helps]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mazda]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[System]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.antoja.org/133/mazda-head-gasket-helps-the-engine-system.htm</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
Automobiles build up heat as they operate. In view of this, it has become a standard for car companies, such as Mazda, to equip their vehicles with all the right parts to reduce overheating risks, and thus, maintain quality performance. One important component contained in all Mazda cars is the set of Mazda head gaskets.	
&#13;
The [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
Automobiles build up heat as they operate. In view of this, it has become a standard for car companies, such as Mazda, to equip their vehicles with all the right parts to reduce overheating risks, and thus, maintain quality performance. One important component contained in all Mazda cars is the set of Mazda head gaskets.	</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>The Mazda head gasket&#8217;s main function is to contain all the heat and compression generated by the vehicle&#8217;s engine. It is designed to seal all combustion chambers and coolant and oil passages between the head and block, making the head gasket one of the most critical gaskets in an<br />&#13;</p>
<p>engine. The Mazda head gasket is located between the cylinder head and the engine block.	</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>There are three types of head gaskets. The first is the Multiple Layers Steel or MLS. It is included in most modern head engines. This type consists of three layers of steel. Another type is the solid copper head gasket. It is a solid sheet of copper and usually requires special machining called o-ringing, in which a piece of wire is placed around the cylinder to bite into the copper. Gaskets made through this are extremely durable. The last type is the composite type, which is made from asbestos or graphite, but is more prone to blowouts than newer metal gaskets.	</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Due to the operating condition it works in, the Mazda head gasket will eventually leak due to disfigurement. The signs of a faulty head gasket are namely, presence of coolant in the engine oil, engine oil in the coolant, or overheating. If overheating persists, the thermostat, radiator, water pump, and EGR system should be checked to determine the probable causes. In case Mazda head gaskets fail, immediate replacement is the best solution. A defective head gasket could damage the radiator further as the head gasket transfers cylinder heat and pressure to the cooling system, resulting ultimately to a blown up radiator.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
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		<title>Hindustan Motors</title>
		<link>http://www.antoja.org/113/hindustan-motors.htm</link>
		<comments>http://www.antoja.org/113/hindustan-motors.htm#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 Sep 2010 13:13:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Accessories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hindustan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Motors]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.antoja.org/113/hindustan-motors.htm</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[              General Motors Joint Venture
Hindustan and General Motors have had several tie-ups in the post independence era to produce Bedford Trucks, Vauxhall Motors(1980 to 1990), Allison Transmissions and off-road equipment. In 1994, GM and Hindustan (C K Birla) formed a 50-50 joint [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>              General Motors Joint Venture<br />
<br />Hindustan and General Motors have had several tie-ups in the post independence era to produce Bedford Trucks, Vauxhall Motors(1980 to 1990), Allison Transmissions and off-road equipment. In 1994, GM and Hindustan (C K Birla) formed a 50-50 joint venture, General Motors India to make Opel Astra cars. GM bought out the Halol, Gujarat plant from Hindustan in 1999.<br />
<br /> Earthmoving Equipment Division (HMEED)<br />
<br />Hindustan motors used to make earthmovers initially in collaboration with Terex, USA and Fermac UK and later with Caterpillar Inc. since 1984 at the HMEED plants in Thiruvallur near Chennai and Pondicherry. It was sold to Caterpillar in 2000 and HM quit the earthmover business. in Hindustan Power Plus which manufactures diesel engines and generator sets. <br /> Isuzu Joint Venture<br />
<br />a collaboration with Isuzu to maufacture engines and transmission for the Contessa in late 1980s at Pithambur near Indore, Madhya Pradesh. Initially the joint venture made a 4 cylinder G180Z 1.8L petrol engines and 5-speed transmissions. Later, a 2.0L Isuzu diesel engine was added to the procuction line to power the Contessa and the Ambassador. The techincal collaboration lasted from 1983 to 1993. The Indore plant has since expanded to manufacture engines for a number of other manufacturers like Opel and Mahindra.<br />
<br />HML also assembled and sold a small number of Isuzu F series &#8211; JCS trucks in India in the early 1990s. These trucks came from the factory with a fully built metal cabin which was not common with Tata and Ashok Leyland trucks at the time. They were well known for their reliability and fuel consumption, but were discontinued since HML could not sell them for an affordable price. <br /> Mitsubishi Joint Venture<br />
<br />Hindustan has a joint venture with Mitsubishi that started 1998. The plant is located in Thiruvallur, Tamilnadu.<br />
<br />Models produced include:<br />
<br />Sixth generation Mitsubishi Lancer with Invecs<br />
<br />Seventh generation Mitsubishi Lancer with climate control, touch navigation and Ralliart accessories<br />
<br />Second generation Mitsubishi Pajero<br />
<br />Second generation Mitsubishi Outlander<br />
<br />Fourth generation Pajero (known as Mitsubishi Outlander)<br />
<br /> Models<br />
<br />Models currently manufactured by Hindustan Motors are :<br />
<br />Hindustan Ambassador &#8211; The Ambassador design is based on the British 1954 Morris Oxford.<br />
<br />Hindustan Winner a small truck with 1.8L petrol/CNG engine or 1.5L Diesel engine<br />
<br />MASCOT T-480 FC &#8211; commercial truck.<br />
<br />RTV &#8211; trucks made in collaboration with OKA Motor Company, Australia. This truck can be adapted for school bus, ambulance, etc.<br />
<br />Models discontinued by Hindustan Motors are :<br />
<br />Hindustan Contessa &#8211; based on the British Vauxhall Victor, which ceased production in 1978, but with an Isuzu G180W engine.<br />
<br />Hindustan Pushpak, Trekker and Porter &#8211; Multiutility Vehicles based on Ambassador chassis and engines.<br />
<br />Bedford TJ<br />
<br />Isuzu F series &#8211; JCS<br />
<br /> Plants<br />
<br />Uttarpara, West Bengal (near Kolkata)<br />
<br />Pithampur, Madhya Pradesh (near Indore)<br />
<br />Thiruvallur, Tamil Nadu (near Chennai)<br />
<br />Hosur, Tamil Nadu (near Bangalore)<br />
<br /> External links<br />
<br />Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hindustan vehicles<br />
<br />Official Hindmotor site<br />
<br />Hindustan Employee&#8217;s Union<br />
<br /> References<br />
<br />^ Hindustan Motors map, Hindustan Motors india , Hindustan Motors Limited, First Indian Car Company<br />
<br />^ GM Motors, General Motors India, General Motors, General Motors Corporation<br />
<br />^ GM exits Earthmover business<br />
<br />^ Isuzu JCS Truck<br />
<br />v  d  e<br />
<br />Cars in India<br />
<br />Manufacturers<br />
<br />Audi  BMW  Fiat  Ford India  General Motors  Hindustan Motors  Honda  Hyundai  Jaguar Cars  Mahindra  Maruti Suzuki  Mercedes-Benz  koda Auto  Tata Motors  Toyota  Volkswagen  Land Rover  Nissan  Renault<br />
<br />Hatchbacks<br />
<br />Maruti 800  Maruti Alto  Maruti A-Star  Maruti Suzuki Ritz  Maruti Suzuki Swift  Maruti Suzuki Wagon-R  Maruti Suzuki Estilo  koda Fabia  Hyundai Santro  Hyundai Getz  Hyundai i10  Hyundai i20   Tata Indica  Tata Nano  Honda Jazz  Chevrolet Optra SRV  Chevrolet Spark  Chevrolet Aveo U-VA  Chevrolet Beat  Volkswagen Polo  Ford Figo<br />
<br />Sedans<br />
<br />Ford Ikon  Ford Fiesta  Tata Indigo  Maruti Swift Dzire  Suzuki SX4  HM Ambassador  Chevrolet Aveo  Honda City  Honda Civic  Toyota Corolla  koda Octavia  Mercedes-Benz C-Class  BMW 3 Series  BMW 5 Series  Toyota Camry  Honda Accord<br />
<br />SUVs<br />
<br />Tata Safari  Mahindra Scorpio   Honda CR-V  Chevrolet Captiva  Maruti Gypsy  Suzuki Grand Vitara  Toyota Land Cruiser Prado  Volkswagen Touareg  Nissan X-Trail  Mitsubishi Outlander  Mitsubishi Pajero   Hyundai Tucson  Ford Endeavour  Mitsubishi Montero  BMW X3  BMW X5  BMW X6  Audi Q7  Audi Q5<br />
<br />Vans, MPVs and MUVs<br />
<br />Chevrolet Tavera  Maruti Eeco  Maruti Omni  Maruti Versa  Tata Sumo  Tata Magic  Toyota Qualis  Toyota Innova  Mahindra Xylo<br />
<br />Trucks<br />
<br />Mahindra Bolero Camper  Mahindra Maxx Pickup   Mahindra Scorpio Getaway<br />
<br />Historic or discontinued<br />
<br />Hindustan Contessa  Standard 2000  Premier 118NE  Premier Padmini  Maruti Zen  Maruti 1000  Maruti Esteem  Maruti Baleno  Tata Sierra  Tata Estate  Opel Astra  Opel Corsa  Opel Corsa Swing  Ford Escort  Ford Fusion<br />
<br />See also<br />
<br />Transport in India  Indian Automobile Industry  Registration plates<br />
<br /> Categories: Car manufacturers | Motor vehicle manufacturers of India | Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange | Birla family           </p>
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		<title>Finding the Perfect Car</title>
		<link>http://www.antoja.org/151/finding-the-perfect-car.htm</link>
		<comments>http://www.antoja.org/151/finding-the-perfect-car.htm#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 31 Aug 2010 19:17:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Car]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Finding]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Perfect]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.antoja.org/151/finding-the-perfect-car.htm</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[There are many ways that you can find that perfect car for your needs.  When you are starting to look you may want to ask yourself a few questions so that you know what you want. What will I be doing with my new Honda? How big is my family?  Why am I [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There are many ways that you can find that perfect car for your needs.  When you are starting to look you may want to ask yourself a few questions so that you know what you want. What will I be doing with my new Honda? How big is my family?  Why am I looking for a new car?</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>What Am I Going To Be Doing?</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>When you decide that you are going to purchase a new Honda, you need to think about what you will be doing with it. Some people may want the car for towing a camper or other kind of trailer behind them. This requires a Honda truck instead of a car because you will need the extra power behind the engine. Trucks are made to pull these kinds of pull behind vehicles so that would be the best thing for you to purchase. If you are just going to be driving around the town, and it’s just you, then you will probably be looking more for a car. You can get some great gas mileage with a car verses a truck and may not need the extra room that a truck has for your needs.</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>How Big Is Your Family?</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>If you have a small family then you may want to consider the car. This is because it will be just you and maybe a couple of friends in your new Honda car. Smaller cars are also not as expensive in the long run. Insurance is cheaper and they are good on gas, as mentioned above. If you have a larger family, then you will want a bigger kind of car or truck. A truck will have its own advantages because it is bigger and will hold more people then a small car will. This can be a great thing for a bigger family to have because of this.</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Why Are You Looking For A New Car?</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>You should understand why you are looking for a new Honda car in the first place. You will have to know what was wrong with the car that you may have already had so that you know what it is that you are looking for. Many people will not even consider what went on with the other car that they may have owned and this will keep them from knowing what they want in the knew car.</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Getting a new Honda car can be a great addition to what you are doing and what you are looking for. People should look for a Honda dealer that treats them good and listens to what the customer is looking for. This can be a new Honda car that you may not have thought you could afford in the first place. If a Honda dealer can get you a good deal and treat you well, then you should go there for your new car or your used Honda needs. Make sure that you find a great car that is what you are looking for when you finally start to look for yourself.</p>
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		<title>Bridging Voltage: the Mazda Spark Plug Wires</title>
		<link>http://www.antoja.org/132/bridging-voltage-the-mazda-spark-plug-wires.htm</link>
		<comments>http://www.antoja.org/132/bridging-voltage-the-mazda-spark-plug-wires.htm#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 30 Aug 2010 03:47:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Car]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bridging]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mazda]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plug]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spark]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Voltage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wires]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.antoja.org/132/bridging-voltage-the-mazda-spark-plug-wires.htm</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
Mazda&#8217;s lineup of automobiles has a reputation in the automotive world as models of high quality engineering that only the Japanese-based company can deliver. The main reason for this high adulation is that because in every part that makes up the entire car system, most of them, if not all, are manufactured with the utmost [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
Mazda&#8217;s lineup of automobiles has a reputation in the automotive world as models of high quality engineering that only the Japanese-based company can deliver. The main reason for this high adulation is that because in every part that makes up the entire car system, most of them, if not all, are manufactured with the utmost attention to detail. Not a single component is utilized without it being supplemental to the overall performance of the vehicle. If a Mazda car is to be broken down to pieces for analysis, one would find ingenuity and mastery in the form of parts and accessories. Take for example the Mazda spark plug wire. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>In all the intricacies and complexities of a vehicle, it all boils down to a spark plug. Basically, this is an electrical device that is fitted and tucked into the cylinder head of an engine. Before the engine roars to life, the plugs first ignite the compressed gasoline acquired using a high voltage spark. Looking deeper into its basic construction, the spark plug uses a ceramic insert to isolate the high voltage at the electrode. The inserts ensure that the spark occurs at the tip of the electrode and not anywhere else. This focused voltage makes an efficient process that provides timely ignition. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Spark plugs designs hardly vary. However, the spark plugs used by Mazda encompass the norm of conventional plugs. They are supplemented with top of the line components that highly increase functionality. Spark plugs need sturdy wires that are specifically designed to connect and carry high electrical voltage from the ignition system. They must have very low resistance so the maximum amount of energy is transferred. This is what Mazda spark plug wires offer. Made from dense silicone coatings and precision-formed rubber boots, the wires bridge the charged voltage coming from the coils and the  distributor. They are built the way they are to capacitate electric current needed by the spark plugs. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Mazda plug wires are perhaps the finest example of the company&#8217;s devotion to performance. With the use of these wires, the Mazda owner is given the assurance of optimum driving experience. </p>
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		<title>Holden Gemini</title>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Aug 2010 06:49:36 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Accessories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gemini]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[              First generation
First generation
19791982 Holden TE Gemini SL sedan
Also called
Buick Opel
Isuzu Bellet Gemini
Isuzu Gemini
Opel Gemini
Opel Isuzu
Saehan Gemini
Production
March 1975pril 1985
Body style(s)
2-door coupe
3-door panel van
3-door station wagon
4-door sedan
Layout
Front engine, rear-wheel drive
Platform
T-body
Engine(s)
1584 cc G161Z I4
1817 cc 4FB1 I4 diesel (TE/TF/TG)
Wheelbase
2,404 mm (94.6 in)
Length
4,234 mm (166.7 in)
Width
1,570 mm (61.8 in)
Height
1,341 mm (52.8 in)
Fuel capacity
52 L (14 US gal; [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>              First generation<br />
<br />First generation<br />
<br />19791982 Holden TE Gemini SL sedan<br />
<br />Also called<br />
<br />Buick Opel<br />
<br />Isuzu Bellet Gemini<br />
<br />Isuzu Gemini<br />
<br />Opel Gemini<br />
<br />Opel Isuzu<br />
<br />Saehan Gemini<br />
<br />Production<br />
<br />March 1975pril 1985<br />
<br />Body style(s)<br />
<br />2-door coupe<br />
<br />3-door panel van<br />
<br />3-door station wagon<br />
<br />4-door sedan<br />
<br />Layout<br />
<br />Front engine, rear-wheel drive<br />
<br />Platform<br />
<br />T-body<br />
<br />Engine(s)<br />
<br />1584 cc G161Z I4<br />
<br />1817 cc 4FB1 I4 diesel (TE/TF/TG)<br />
<br />Wheelbase<br />
<br />2,404 mm (94.6 in)<br />
<br />Length<br />
<br />4,234 mm (166.7 in)<br />
<br />Width<br />
<br />1,570 mm (61.8 in)<br />
<br />Height<br />
<br />1,341 mm (52.8 in)<br />
<br />Fuel capacity<br />
<br />52 L (14 US gal; 11 imp gal)<br />
<br /> TX (19751977)<br />
<br />The original Holden Gemini model, the TX series, was introduced in March 1975. It was available as a four-door sedan in S and SL specification levels, and as a two-door SL coupe. The TX Gemini was built at Holden&#8217;s factory at Acacia Ridge, Queensland and contained a high percentage of Australian content.<br />
<br />All TX models shared the same 1.6 litre SOHC Isuzu engine (coded the G161Z). The engine was chain-driven and incorporated a cross-flow design alloy head. A two-barrel &#8220;Nikki&#8221; Stromberg carburettor was used on Australian models. Early TX models used a cast-iron free flow exhaust manifold, with two outlets into a &#8220;Y&#8221; pipe was used (this item is commonly used by modifiers for later models). From November 1976 this was changed to a single outlet exhaust header to comply with EPA regulations.<br />
<br />Wheel size was 13&#8243; x 4.5&#8243;, rear brakes were duo-servo units, similar in design to those used in the six-cylinder Torana. Early models used the MSE-type four-speed manual transmission; reverse was positioned to the &#8220;left and back&#8221;. November 1975 saw the introduction of the MSG-type four-speed, reverse on this transmission was to the &#8216;right and back&#8217; position. The TX SL sedan was voted Wheels Car of the Year car of the year for 1975, and was the most popular four-cylinder car on the Australian market.<br />
<br />The first generation Gemini coupe&#8217;s body was built by Opel&#8217;s engineers in Germany and powered by a 70 hp (52 kW) engine 1G13C 1300 SOHC made by Isuzu Japan and Holden Australia, the said engine&#8217;s power was not introduced to the market, it was only used in rally and other racing events etc.<br />
<br /> TC (19771978)<br />
<br />The TC Gemini was sold between March 1977 and April 1978. This model received a minor facelift from the TX, appearance was enhanced by a bolder vertical front grille, and at the rear a silver garnish panel (as opposed to the TX&#8217;s black). A new Smiths brand heater, demister and ventilation system was used, the two small vents at each end of the dash were removed on this model, except on vehicles fitted with air conditioning.<br />
<br />A &#8220;Fashion Pack&#8221; interior was now available on both sedan and coupe models, this option was also upgraded to add steel belted radials and a front stabilising bar. Door side impact beams were introduced to improve safety and SL coupes now had a heated rear windscreen.<br />
<br />In April 1977, a limited edition &#8220;Sandpiper&#8221; model was also offered in both sedan and coupe body shapes. They were identified by a black grille with stainless steel top edge, gold pin stripes, chequered cloth seat inserts and door trims, wood-grain dash sections, radio/cassette player, a four spoke steering wheel and the A9R (&#8216;Fashion Pack&#8217;) suspension package. Externally they were easily identified by the word &#8220;Sandpiper: and a bird decal, this was on the side rear quarters of the coupe, and on the rear doors of the sedans.<br />
<br /> TD (19781979)<br />
<br />The TD series was introduced in April 1978, the most major change over the TC being the introduction of &#8220;Radial Tuned Suspension&#8221; (RTS) and the option of a five-speed manual transmission. The differential was replaced with a small Salisbury unit as used in the UC Torana, it used tapered Timken wheel bearings as found on all larger Holdens since mid-1971. In April 1979, the rear brakes were changed to Commodore leading-trailing rear drum assemblies.<br />
<br />Exterior appearance was changed with the introduction of a new grille, rectangular headlights (round on base models), wheels were now 13&#8243; x 5&#8243;, rear number plate was relocated in place of the rear garnish panel. A panel van and three-door wagon were also added to the range, the rear bodywork pressings being from the British Vauxhall Chevette/Bedford Chevanne range.<br />
<br />The SL/E version used many interior options from the TC &#8220;Sandpiper&#8221; series, such as the radio/cassette, four-spoke steering wheel, timber dash inserts, velour seat trim, loop pile carpet and timber (Hardboard) door trim inserts.<br />
<br />Externally, appearance was further enhanced to include stainless steel headlight and grille surrounds, thick stainless steel door window frame mouldings and GM-H designed alloy wheels similar to Sunbird SL/E. Coupes and sedans had colour-coded side mirrors similar to those of Sunbird SL/E and HZ Sandman, door-trims were extended to cover the top of the doors.<br />
<br />SL/E models were replaced by the SL/X in early 1979, it had a slightly lower equipment level but a more competitive price. There was also a limited Edition &#8220;Gypsy&#8221; package was optional on panel vans, which included extra instrumentation and identifying decals.<br />
<br />Heated rear windscreens were now standard on all but base model sedans, panel vans and wagons. Nylon plaid cloth inserts available on SL&#8217;s and wagons, air conditioning was now available as an optional accessory.<br />
<br /> TE (19791982)<br />
<br />19791982 Holden TE Gemini SL sedan<br />
<br />The second generation, introduced in October 1979, received major design changes. The body was now more squared with a new front and rear end, styling was compared to the VB Commodore of the same era and carried through the styling of the Isuzu Gemini of the same era. By this time, the Opel Kadett had reverted to front wheel drive and the resemblance of the original Kadett C disappeared.<br />
<br />The TE was the most popular out of all the Geminis, selling over 70 000 units. Initially only available as a sedan, in February 1980 the Panel Van and Station Wagon were added to the line up, Coupe was no longer available. The luxury SL/E version was also removed from the line-up, replaced instead with an SL/X variant. In 1981 the TE was introduced to New Zealand, replacing the British-sourced Vauxhall Chevette range.<br />
<br />A limited edition &#8220;Gypsy&#8221; van was made available in February 1980 and was offered with a tachometer and console gauges. Individual plaid cloth seats were available (a different plaid to other earlier Geminis). The Gypsy featured blacked out grille treatment and door window surrounds, square headlights and full chrome bumpers, full length headlining and carpet (regular vans had vinyl flooring as standard. Gypsys are now a highly collectible Gemini model, with original examples estimated to be worth over AU$10,000 to avid collectors.<br />
<br />Engine options stayed the same, in early 1981 the option of a 1.8 litre Isuzu diesel model was introduced, an M76 5 speed gearbox was standard for all diesel models. All diesel Geminis were only available as an SL/X five-speed manual. Rhone Green was a colour made available exclusively for the diesel but other colours in the range could be ordered also.<br />
<br /> TF (19821983)<br />
<br />1983 Holden TG Gemini SL/X sedan<br />
<br />The facelifted TF series Gemini was released in March 1982. All models gained new grille treatments and the SL/X variant received flush headlamps. The interior received major revisions with a new dashboard (creating the impression of more space in the vehicle) and a relocated steering column that put the steering wheel in line with the driver, rather than angled towards the centre of the car. The styling is often compared to the then current VH Commodore range but in fact the styling was introduced on the Isuzu Gemini in 1981 and carried across to the Australian model.<br />
<br /> TG (19831985)<br />
<br />1983 Holden TG Gemini SL/X sedan<br />
<br />The TG Series was released in March 1983. The SL and SL/X versions of TG had an appearance exactly like the TF SL/X, with the flush head lamps, plastic bumpers and tail lights very similar to that on a VH Commodore. However, the base model of the TG continued the TF theme, with many examples now confused for TF models. Base model vehicles had vinyl seats, no clock or cigarette lighter, and no console around the shifter.<br />
<br />1983 saw a performance model, named the ZZ/Z (triple zed). The ZZ/Z was always silver, with a body kit consisting of a front bar, wind spilters on top of the guards, a bobtail boot spoiler, alloy wheels and blue and black ZZ/Z decals. It is often perceived that the ZZ/Z came with the twin-cam engine that was used in the Isuzu Gemini ZZ/R of the same era, however, the ZZ/Z came with the standard running gear of other models. A five-speed manual gearbox was standardutomatic transmission was not an option.<br />
<br /> Second generation<br />
<br />Second generation<br />
<br />19851986 Holden RB Gemini SL/X sedan<br />
<br />Also called<br />
<br />Chevrolet Gemini<br />
<br />Chevrolet Spectrum<br />
<br />Geo Spectrum<br />
<br />Isuzu Gemini<br />
<br />Isuzu I-Mark<br />
<br />Pontiac Sunburst<br />
<br />Production<br />
<br />April 19851986<br />
<br />Body style(s)<br />
<br />4-door sedan<br />
<br />Layout<br />
<br />Front engine, front-wheel drive<br />
<br />Platform<br />
<br />R-body<br />
<br />Engine(s)<br />
<br />1471 cc 4XC1 I4<br />
<br /> RB (19851986)<br />
<br />In May 1985 the RB series Gemini was released. Based on the front-wheel drive GM R platform, it did not sell as well as previous rear-wheel drive Geminis, with production totalling just 16,263 units. The RB Gemini was offered only in four-door sedan form, with SL/X and SL/E trim levels, as well as a fleet-only SL. Unlike previous Gemini models which had been built at the Holden facility at Acacia Ridge, Queensland, the RB was produced at the Holden plant at Elizabeth, South Australia. The RB Gemini was discontinued in 1987, although production ended sometime during 1986 due to poorer sales than its predecessor. The Gemini was replaced by the Holden Astra rebadged Nissan Pulsar (N12).<br />
<br />The RB Gemini was notable for its 80-day, 200,000 kilometres (120,000 mi) endurance run from a commercial in 1985, tested by a group of famous Australian racers including the Peter Brock.<br />
<br /> Safety<br />
<br />In Australia, the 1982-1984 Holden Gemini was assessed in the &#8220;Used Car Safety Ratings&#8221; 2006 as providing &#8220;significantly worse than average&#8221; protection for its occupants in the event of a crash.<br />
<br /> Production figures<br />
<br />Model<br />
<br />Total<br />
<br />Cumulative total<br />
<br />Gemini TX<br />
<br />43,099<br />
<br />43,099<br />
<br />Gemini TC<br />
<br />17,256<br />
<br />60,355<br />
<br />Gemini TD<br />
<br />42,396<br />
<br />102,751<br />
<br />Gemini TE<br />
<br />70,567<br />
<br />173,318<br />
<br />Gemini TF<br />
<br />28,326<br />
<br />201,644<br />
<br />Gemini TG<br />
<br />24,675<br />
<br />226,319<br />
<br />Gemini RB<br />
<br />16,263<br />
<br />242,582<br />
<br /> References<br />
<br />^ Norm Darwin, 100 Years of GM in Australia, 2002, page 344<br />
<br />^ Norm Darwin, 100 Years of GM in Australia, 2002, page 349<br />
<br />^ The Red Book, August 1988, page 75<br />
<br />^ The Holden Heritage. Factory-issued booklet, July 2001 edition, p.100.<br />
<br />&#8220;Gemini Model Features and ID&#8221;. http://holdengemini.net/tech_au_gemini.php. Retrieved 2008-01-08. <br />
<br />&#8220;Wheels&#8217; COTY the real McCoy&#8221;. http://www.wheelsmag.com.au/wheels/site/articleIDs/B644A247EE6B4524CA25728500179B90. Retrieved 2008-01-08. <br />
<br /> External links<br />
<br />Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Holden Gemini<br />
<br />ISUZU Gemini Ads<br />
<br />Holden Gemini model history, specifications and sales brochures<br />
<br />v  d  e<br />
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		<title>Millions Couldn&#8217;t be Wrong: Honda is Tops for Quality Autos, Miami Drivers Agree</title>
		<link>http://www.antoja.org/150/millions-couldnt-be-wrong-honda-is-tops-for-quality-autos-miami-drivers-agree.htm</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 28 Aug 2010 09:55:27 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[According to Automotive Lease Guide (ALG), which is &#8220;the leading source for automotive residual values and analytical data products, as well as consulting services for automotive manufacturers, finance companies, and fleet companies&#8221; and also offers &#8220;tips and tools for vehicle leasing to help&#8230; calculate monthly payments, understand residual values, and gain knowledge about the automotive [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>According to Automotive Lease Guide (ALG), which is &#8220;the leading source for automotive residual values and analytical data products, as well as consulting services for automotive manufacturers, finance companies, and fleet companies&#8221; and also offers &#8220;tips and tools for vehicle leasing to help&#8230; calculate monthly payments, understand residual values, and gain knowledge about the automotive industry in general&#8221; to consumers, Honda is one of the top performers in their Perceived Quality Score (or PQS) survey. This survey monitors consumer confidence in mainstream car brands. Honda has placed in this survey for many years running. In the words of James Clark, ALG&#8217;s general manager, (Honda has) &#8220;maintained a long history of durable and reliable powertrains, which resonates with consumers and often leads them to rate other characteristics like safety and design positively as well.&#8221;</p>
<p>If you would like to purchase a new or certified used Honda, or perhaps lease a Honda vehicle, then there is no better place to start than Brickell Honda of Miami. Check out BrickellHonda.com for more information, or visit BrickellHondaDirect.com to get a free quick quote on a Honda in 7 minutes or less.</p>
<p>More on Brickell:</p>
<p>The Brickell Honda finance team has you covered when it comes to finding a low interest car loan in Miami. We work with a network of financial institutions to make our customer&#8217;s dreams of owning a Honda come true. Get started right away on an auto loan you can afford by completing our online finance application.</p>
<p>Our greater Miami Honda auto repair center has the resources to keep your vehicle running as well as it did the day you drove it off the lot. Brickell Honda&#8217;s skilled mechanics have spent years working on Honda autos and will accurately diagnose your vehicle&#8217;s problem. Sign up for your Honda car repair appointment right now by completing our online service appointment form.</p>
<p>Brickell Honda offers Honda auto parts to the Miami area so that you can maintain your vehicle on your own. Our genuine Honda parts will keep your vehicle in top condition for many years to come. Order auto parts online, and then visit our dealership to pick up your auto parts or accessories when they arrive.</p>
<p>All of the employees at Brickell Honda would like to thank you for your interest in our dealership. Call us anytime at 888-259-5362, or visit us in person at 665 Southwest 8th Street, Miami, FL 33130. We look forward to having the opportunity to earn your business.</p>
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		<title>12 Usual Car Problems</title>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2010 14:38:44 +0000</pubDate>
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		<category><![CDATA[Usual]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[
Problems are inevitable especially to cars. Here are 12 car problems that are usually experienced by most car owners: 
&#13;
Worn brake parts &#8211; Brakes are very important. Yes they are. A brake is a device that is responsible for slowing or stopping the motion of your vehicle, and keeping it from starting to move again. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
Problems are inevitable especially to cars. Here are 12 car problems that are usually experienced by most car owners: </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Worn brake parts &#8211; Brakes are very important. Yes they are. A brake is a device that is responsible for slowing or stopping the motion of your vehicle, and keeping it from starting to move again. The speed of your car largely depends on the brakes. And taking them for granted might lead to a danger. Never postpone the needed brake system service. In the case of your Mazda car, have it a regular maintenance to inspect the Mazda brake caliper which plays a very vital role in the brake system. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Worn windshield wiper blades – If you see worn windshield wiper blades on your vehicle, immediately replace them.  Do not anymore wait for a rainy day to replace worn blades because this weather can further damage the blades that can eventually lead to an accident. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Defective lights – Car lights are very important especially when having a night driving. For the people on the road to know your car’s direction, front, rear, and back lights should be well functioning. The fog lights are very necessary in foggy areas to clearly see the road despite the presence of the fogs. Check all lights before going elsewhere with your car. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Blocked filters &#8211; Air, oil, gas, fuel, transmission and other filters must all be unclogged. They all contribute to the performance of the vehicle. Scheduled replacements of these parts extend car life and improve performance. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Worn spark plugs – This instance reduces fuels efficiency and increases emissions in the exhaust. They also contribute to a poor performance of the engine. Regularly check these plugs to have a maintained excellent engine performance. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Worn battery cables – Worn cables and a weak battery inflame a trouble that is just staring. If the engine turns over slowly, have the battery and charging system inspected. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Rusted belts and rotten hoses – The engine cooling, alternator, power steering, and air conditioner are affected by a slipping belt. If belts are glazed and hoses are rotten, immediately replace them. It is important to note that vacuum and power steering hoses are obstacles to better performance and assured safety. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Delinquent cooling system – To avoid deterioration of radiator or heater core see to it to regularly service the cooling system. This is most important during summer season.</p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Leaking shock absorbers &#8211; Worn shocks or struts negatively affect the ride control and easily deteriorate tires. Avoid these leaks by regularly checking them. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Damaged CV joint boots – These are boots which are made up of rubber. These are built to protect the crucial CV joints that transcend power to your wheels. They need regular inspection and replacement if needed. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Leaking muffler  –  Lift your car occasionally. This is to check the muffler and other parts of the exhaust system. The exhaust system is the one responsible for releasing used gases in the air. It is important to maintain this system to make sure that every gas will be excreted safely. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Tired Tires – Tires are the only car parts that touch the ground. Worn tires are dangerous. Proper inflation, alignment and balance are needed to extend the life of your tires. </p>
<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Car problems are really inevitable. But proper car caring and maintenance will greatly help in the prevention of these problems. </p>
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		<title>GM Family II engine</title>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 26 Aug 2010 16:45:19 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[              20NE, 20SE, 20SEH, C20NE, C20GET
These engines formed the basis of the modern Family II lineup. Configuration was limited to a single over head cam, and 2 Valves per cylinder (8 valves total). The 20NE served as the base, where later Family [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>              20NE, 20SE, 20SEH, C20NE, C20GET<br />
<br />These engines formed the basis of the modern Family II lineup. Configuration was limited to a single over head cam, and 2 Valves per cylinder (8 valves total). The 20NE served as the base, where later Family II engines evolved.<br />
<br />Common features include:<br />
<br />Cast iron block<br />
<br />6 bolt flywheel<br />
<br />Aluminum head.<br />
<br />1998 cc, 86 mm x 86 mm bore/stroke<br />
<br />Individual differences:<br />
<br />Engine<br />
<br />Power<br />
<br />Torque<br />
<br />Ratio<br />
<br />Engine Management<br />
<br />(Other)<br />
<br />20NE<br />
<br />116 horsepower (87 kW) @ 5200 rpm<br />
<br />175 Nm (129 lbft) @ 2600 rpm<br />
<br />9.2:1<br />
<br />Motronic ML 4.1<br />
<br />20SE<br />
<br />122 horsepower (91 kW) @ 5400 rpm<br />
<br />175 Nm (129 lbft) @ 2600 rpm<br />
<br />10.0:1<br />
<br />Motronic ML 4.1<br />
<br />High compression pistons<br />
<br />20SEH<br />
<br />130 horsepower (97 kW) @ 5600 rpm<br />
<br />180 Nm (130 lbft) @ 4600 rpm<br />
<br />10.0:1<br />
<br />Motronic ML 4.1<br />
<br />High compression pistons; More aggressive camshaft than 20SE<br />
<br />C20NE<br />
<br />115 horsepower (86 kW) @ 5200 rpm<br />
<br />170 Nm (130 lbft) @ 2600 rpm<br />
<br />9.2:1<br />
<br />Motronic 1.5/Motronic 1.5.2<br />
<br />Catalytic converter; Lambda sensor.<br />
<br />C20GET<br />
<br />165 horsepower (123 kW) @ 5600 rpm<br />
<br />175 Nm (129 lbft) @ 4000 rpm<br />
<br />8.0:1<br />
<br />Most likely Motronic 1.5<br />
<br />Turbocharged<br />
<br />A South African derivative of the 20SEH engine was used until 1999 in the Astra/Kadett models featuring 10:1 compression ratio and a Bosch Motronic 1.5.4 engine management system. Quoted power was 95 kW (129 PS; 127 hp) and 180 Nm (130 lbft) of torque.<br />
<br />The 2 liter 8v OHC engines is used in the base versions of:<br />
<br />Opel Calibra<br />
<br />Opel Astra F<br />
<br />Opel Omega A<br />
<br />Opel Kadett E<br />
<br />Opel Ascona C<br />
<br />Opel Frontera A<br />
<br />Opel Vectra A-A2-B<br />
<br />Vauxhall Cavalier<br />
<br />Vauxhall Astra<br />
<br />Vauxhall Carlton<br />
<br />Vauxhall Frontera<br />
<br />Vauxhall Calibra<br />
<br /> 20XE, 20XEJ, C20XE, C20LET<br />
<br />The naturally-aspirated 16-valve version of the 2.0 L 1,998 cc (121.9 cu in)ast iron block engine is the successor to the OHC-engines and a predecessor to the 16-valve Ecotec-line of engines.<br />
<br />This lineup features the same block as the OHC based engines with an 86 mm (3.4 in) bore &amp; stroke and a Cosworth-developed DOHC cylinder head (Cosworth Project KB). The cylinder heads were manufactured by either Cosworth or, at a latter date, Kolbenschmidt. In general, the heads from this lineup are supposed to flow appreciabl better than their Ecotec successors. Power output is rated at 110 kW (150 hp) at 6000 rpm and 196 Nm at 4600 rpm (C20XE) or 156 hp (20XE).<br />
<br />Common features:<br />
<br />-1,998 cc (121.9 cu in); 86 mm  86 mm (3.4 in  3.4 in) bore x stroke<br />
<br />-Cast iron block<br />
<br />-Aluminium head<br />
<br />-Aluminium oil pan with cooling fins<br />
<br />-Air mass flow meter<br />
<br />-Knock sensors<br />
<br />-Twin Camshafts<br />
<br />-8 bolt flywheel<br />
<br />20XE<br />
<br />- 157 hp (117 kW)<br />
<br />- 198 Nm (146 lbft)<br />
<br />-Compression ratio: 10.8-1<br />
<br />-Engine Management: Bosh Motronic 2.5<br />
<br />C20XE<br />
<br />- 150 bhp (112 kW; 152 PS) @ 6000 rpm<br />
<br />- 196 Nm (145 lbft) @ 4600 rpm<br />
<br />-Compression ratio: 10.8-1<br />
<br />-Catalytic converter<br />
<br />-Lambda sensor<br />
<br />-Engine Management: Bosh Motronic 2.8<br />
<br />C20LET<br />
<br />- 204 hp (152 kW) @ 5600 rpm<br />
<br />- 280 Nm (210 lbft) @ 2400 rpm<br />
<br />- 102 bhp/litre<br />
<br />-Compression ratio: 9.0-1<br />
<br />-Catalytic converter<br />
<br />-Lambda sensor<br />
<br />-Different camshafts<br />
<br />-Turbo pressure: 0.6 bars (8.7 psi) continuous with a 0.8 bars (12 psi) overboost<br />
<br />-Engine Management: Bosch Motronic M2.7<br />
<br />-The map sensor is built into the ECU.<br />
<br />-Turbo used in the C20LET: KKK16, integral water cooling and oil lubrication.<br />
<br />These engines were used in:<br />
<br />Opel Kadett GSI 16v<br />
<br />Opel Vectra 2000<br />
<br />Opel Vectra GT 16V<br />
<br />Opel Vectra Turbo<br />
<br />Opel Calibra Turbo<br />
<br />Opel Calibra 16V<br />
<br />Opel Astra GSi 16v<br />
<br />Opel Astra Irmscher caravan<br />
<br />Lada 110<br />
<br />The turbocharged version of the C20XE, branded C20LET was also offered in the Opel/Vauxhall Calibra and Vectra Turbo. The C20LET is essentially the same as the C20XE, bar the lower compression, forged Mahle pistons turbocharger, Bosh Motronic M2.7 with MAP a sensor. There are also slight revisions to the block which provide an oil inlet/outlet for the turbocharger.<br />
<br /> C25XE<br />
<br />Opel later developed a 2.5 liter V6 engine based on the C20XE&#8217;s design. The GM 54-Degree V6 engine featured four camshafts and 4 valves per cylinder. The C25XE found use in the V6 Calibra/Vectra A/A2 and the Omega A (Known as the Vauxhall Carlton in the UK).<br />
<br />-2,498 cc (152.4 cu in)<br />
<br />- 170 hp (127 kW) @ 6000 rpm<br />
<br />- 226 Nm (167 lbft) @ 4200 rpm Engine Management Bosch Motronic 2.8<br />
<br /> X20XEV<br />
<br />The first engine Opel branded as Ecotec, a mass-market successor to the C20XE with a Lotus-developed cylinder head. The new cylinder head had a smaller valve angle compared to the older C20XE, which was supposed to give more torque in the lower revs. It is a 1,998 cc (121.9 cu in) naturally aspirated engine with 16 valves and belt driven double overhead camshafts (DOHC). 86 mm (3.4 in) bore and stroke in cast iron OHC-derived cylinder block and aluminium cylinder head. X20XEV was equipped with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to reduce nitrogen dioxide emissions and air injection reactor (AIR) to speed up the warming up of the catalytic converter and to reduce unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. Power 100 kW / 136 hp.<br />
<br />This engine was used in:<br />
<br />Opel Calibra 94-<br />
<br />Opel Vectra 94-<br />
<br />Opel Astra 94-<br />
<br />Opel Omega 94-<br />
<br /> X25XE, X30XE<br />
<br />A GM 54-Degree V6 engine &#8211; essentially an Ecotec version of the C25XE. It has similar design features to the X20XEV &#8211; particularly the cylinder heads and emission reduction hardware. This engine was used in the Opel Omega B and for the first few years in the C<br />
<br />The X25XE was also used in Later Models of Vectra B from 2000 until 2002. It was to prove popular in Police Vehicles in the UK.<br />
<br /> Ecotec<br />
<br />The Ecotec name was adopted in 2000 for the new generation of Family II engines. The name was already used for the Opel GM Family II engine, Family 1 and Family 0 ranges. GM intends this new Ecotec to become its global 4-cylinder.<br />
<br />The Ecotec Family II is a DOHC 4-valve design with an aluminum block and head (L850 for 86 mm bore applications, and L880 for 88 mm bore), designed for displacements from 1.8 to 2.4 L. It was developed by an international team of engineers and technicians from Opel&#8217;s International Technical Development Center in Rsselsheim, Germany, GM Powertrain in Pontiac, Michigan, and Saab in Trollhttan, Sweden.[citation needed] Much of the development work on this project was carried out by Lotus Engineering, Hethel, United Kingdom. The engine uses aluminum pistons and cast iron cylinder liners. Vibration is reduced with twin balance shafts.<br />
<br />The current Ecotec line is manufactured in Tonawanda, New York, Kaiserslautern, Germany, and (for Saturn) in Spring Hill, Tennessee.<br />
<br /> Turbo<br />
<br />Opel/Vauxhall offers a turbocharged version of the 2.0 L1,998 cc (121.9 cu in)cotec (the Z20LET) in a cast iron block; it features a square 86 millimetres (3.4 in) bore and stroke, 9.5:1 compression, 200 hp (150 kW) and 195 lbft (264 Nm) of torque. fuel economy 14.6 L/100 km (16.1 mpg-US) This engine is used in:<br />
<br />Opel Astra<br />
<br />Opel Zafira<br />
<br />Opel Speedster<br />
<br />From 2005, the Z20LET engine was revised for the Astra H and Zafira B, to three different model designations, Z20LEL, Z20LER and Z20LEH. The differing designations denote the engine power output, 170 hp, 200 hp and 240 hp. Further revisions to the original design include the deletion of the contrarotating balancer shafts in the 240 hp Z20LEH engine, to reduce mechanical losses.<br />
<br /> LK9<br />
<br />This engine is also known as a Z20NET in other countries such as The United Kingdom and Australia<br />
<br />LK9 is a turbocharged 2.0 L 1,998 cc (121.9 cu in)ersion of the L850 series ECOTEC utilizing a reinforced sand cast aluminum cylinder head and reinforced internal components. It features an 86 millimetres (3.4 in) bore and stroke and a 9.5:1 compression ratio. Power is 210 horsepower (160 kW) at 5300 rpm and 220 lbft (298 Nm) of torque at 2500 rpm. Maximum boost is 12.3 psi (0.85 bar). Fuel economy 16.1 L/100 km (14.6 mpg-US)<br />
<br />2003resent Saab 9-3<br />
<br />20032008 Opel Vectra<br />
<br />2006resent Cadillac BLS<br />
<br /> LNF<br />
<br />Ecotec LNF in a Pontiac Solstice<br />
<br />A turbocharged direct injected (redubbed Spark Ignition Direct Injection) Ecotec was introduced in the 2007 Saturn Sky Red Line. It is a longitudinally mounted engine. Displacement is 2.0 L1,998 cc (121.9 cu in)ith a square 86 millimetres (3.4 in) bore and stroke. Compression is 9.2:1 and maximum boost is 1.4 bar (20.0 psi), delivering 260 hp (190 kW) at 5300 rpm and 260 lbft (350 Nm) of torque from 25005250 rpm. Engine redline is at 6300 rpm and premium fuel is recommended. The sodium filled exhaust valves were based on technology developed for the Corvette V8 powertrains. The sodium fuses and becomes a liquid at idle, which improves conductivity and draws heat away from the valve face and valve guide towards the stem to be cooled by the engine oil circulating in this aerea. The camshaft-driven direct injection systems pressurizes the fuel to 52 bar (750 psi) at idle, and up to 155 bar (2,250 psi) at wide-open throttle. The &#8220;Gen II&#8221; block is similar to the 2.4 L and also features VVT technology. The Gen II block was developed using data from racing programs and computer simulations. The bore walls and bulkheads were strengthened with a weight increase of 1 kg (2.5 pounds). The coolant jackets were expanded to improve heat rejection, resulting in a coolant capacity increase of 0.5 liters.<br />
<br />Unique LNF features include:<br />
<br />a twin-scroll turbocharger<br />
<br />cam-driven high pressure gasoline direct injection fuel system<br />
<br />dual camshaft continuously variable valve timing<br />
<br />sodium-filled stainless steel Inconel exhaust valves<br />
<br />low-friction cast aluminum pistons with oil squirters<br />
<br />forged steel crankshaft<br />
<br />forged steel connecting rods<br />
<br />cast stainless steel exhaust manifold<br />
<br />This engine is used in:<br />
<br />20072009 Opel GT<br />
<br />20072009 Pontiac Solstice GXP<br />
<br />20072009 Saturn Sky Red Line<br />
<br />2008-2010 Chevrolet HHR SS<br />
<br />2008-2010 Chevrolet Cobalt SS<br />
<br />2010 Fisker Karma<br />
<br />2009 Elfin T5<br />
<br />This or a similar engine is used in:<br />
<br />2011 Buick Regal GS Concept<br />
<br /> DI<br />
<br />A high-end direct injection version of the 2.2 L Ecotec is available for:<br />
<br />Opel Vectra<br />
<br />Opel Signum<br />
<br />A high-end direct injected 2.4 L Ecotec is available for the 2010 Chevy Equinox (see below: LAF). This engine makes 180 hp (130 kW; 180 PS) and 172 ftlbf (233 Nm) of torque, partly due to an 11.4:1 compression ratio.<br />
<br /> L61<br />
<br />Ecotec L61 engine in a Chevrolet Classic<br />
<br />2003 Pontiac Sunfire Ecotec engine<br />
<br />This engine is also known as a Z22SE in other countries such as The United Kingdom and Australia<br />
<br />The basic Family II architecture was substantially reengineered in 2000, becoming the Ecotec 2.2, model L61 (or L42 for the CNG version). First appearing in the 2000 Saturn LS1, the L61 spread throughout North American GM products, displacing the Quad 4 and its descendants.<br />
<br />Unlike its notably harsh predecessor, the L61 was designed for smoothness &#8211; however in the nearly 20 years since the demise of the Oldsmobile engineered Quad 4, no other GM 4-cylinder has exceeded the output of the 190 hp (142 kW) 1991 W41 Quad 4. Only recently the Ecotec LAF exceeded the high volume 180 hp (134 kW) LG0 Quad 4. Dual in-block balance shafts were integral to the design, and all accessories were mounted directly to the engine block to reduce vibration. The oil filter was cast into the block with a removable cover and replaceable paper element.<br />
<br />Displacement for the 2.2 L engine is 2,196 cc (134.0 cu in) with an 86 millimetres (3.4 in) bore and 94.6 millimetres (3.72 in) stroke. Compression is 9.5:1 or 10:1, delivering 135 to 147 hp (101 to 110 kW) and 142 to 152 lbft (193 to 206 Nm) of torque. The Ecotec line is manufactured in Tonawanda, New York, Kaiserslautern, Germany, and (for Saturn) in Spring Hill, Tennessee. The L61-powered Saturn Ion replaced the Saturn-powered Saturn S-Series.<br />
<br />There are a few variations to the standard L61. The new Chevrolet Malibu uses a version with electronic throttle control and a special unitized exhaust manifold and catalytic converter. The 2003 Saturn L-Series has a high output version with higher (10:1) compression and more aggressive camshaft. The Malibu and Saturn versions also use return-less fuel injection. The 2002 Saturn VUE was the first North American variant of the L61 to be equipped with electronic throttle control, whereas other applications did not arise until 2005 in the Saturn ION and Chevrolet Cobalt. The supercharger and inlet manifold from the 2.0 Ecotec engine can be purchased as an official kit from GM and along with modified software in the ECM, can create a 2.2 supercharged version of this engine.<br />
<br />In 2007 the L61 was upgraded with a second generation cylinder case, Coil on plug ignition, 58x crankshaft position sensing and a 32-bit computer.<br />
<br />The 2.2 L Ecotec is used in the following cars:<br />
<br />Year(s)<br />
<br />Model<br />
<br />Power<br />
<br />Torque<br />
<br />20022005<br />
<br />Chevrolet Cavalier<br />
<br />140 hp (100 kW) @ 5600 rpm<br />
<br />150 lbft (203 Nm) @ 4000 rpm<br />
<br />2004<br />
<br />Chevrolet Classic (Malibu)<br />
<br />144 hp (107 kW) @ 5600 rpm<br />
<br />155 lbft (210 Nm) @ 4000 rpm<br />
<br />20052006<br />
<br />Chevrolet Cobalt<br />
<br />145 hp (108 kW) @ 5600 rpm<br />
<br />155 lbft (210 Nm) @ 4000 rpm<br />
<br />20072008<br />
<br />148 hp (110 kW) @ 5600 rpm<br />
<br />152 lbft (206 Nm) @ 4200 rpm<br />
<br />2006<br />
<br />Chevrolet HHR<br />
<br />143 hp (107 kW) @ 5600 rpm<br />
<br />150 lbft (203 Nm) @ 4000 rpm<br />
<br />20072008<br />
<br />Chevrolet HHR<br />
<br />149 hp (111 kW) @ 5600 rpm<br />
<br />152 lbft (206 Nm) @ 4000 rpm<br />
<br />20022004<br />
<br />Oldsmobile Alero<br />
<br />140 hp (100 kW) @ 5600 rpm<br />
<br />150 lbft (203 Nm) @ 4000 rpm<br />
<br />20022005<br />
<br />Pontiac Grand Am<br />
<br />140 hp (100 kW) @ 5600 rpm<br />
<br />150 lbft (203 Nm) @ 4000 rpm<br />
<br />20022005<br />
<br />Pontiac Sunfire<br />
<br />140 hp (100 kW) @ 5600 rpm<br />
<br />150 lbft (203 Nm) @ 4000 rpm<br />
<br />20052008<br />
<br />Pontiac G5/Pursuit<br />
<br />145 hp (108 kW) @ 5600 rpm<br />
<br />155 lbft (210 Nm) @ 4000 rpm<br />
<br />20032005<br />
<br />Saturn L-Series (high output)<br />
<br />140 hp (100 kW) @ 5600 rpm<br />
<br />145 lbft (197 Nm) @ 4000 rpm<br />
<br />20032007<br />
<br />Saturn Ion<br />
<br />140 hp (100 kW) @ 5600 rpm<br />
<br />145 lbft (197 Nm) @ 4000 rpm<br />
<br />20022007<br />
<br />Saturn VUE<br />
<br />143 hp (107 kW) @ 5600 rpm<br />
<br />155 lbft (210 Nm) @ 4000 rpm<br />
<br />20012005<br />
<br />Vauxhall VX220/Opel Speedster<br />
<br />147 hp (110 kW) @ 5800 rpm<br />
<br />150 lbft (203 Nm) @ 4000 rpm<br />
<br />Opel/Vauxhall/Holden Astra<br />
<br />Opel/Vauxhall/Holden Vectra<br />
<br />Opel/Vauxhall/Holden Zafira/Subaru Traviq<br />
<br />Following the GM-Fiat agreement, the 2.2 L engine is also used in<br />
<br />Fiat Croma<br />
<br />Alfa Romeo 159<br />
<br /> L42<br />
<br />The Ecotec 2.2, model L42 is the CNG version of the Ecotec 2.2. It delivers 129 hp (96 kW) and 129 lbft (175 Nm).<br />
<br /> LSJ<br />
<br />Ecotec LSJ engine in a 2006 Saturn Ion Red Line<br />
<br />The LSJ is a supercharged version of the LK9 Ecotec with an Eaton M62 Roots-type supercharger and air-to-liquid intercooler. It is rated at 205 hp (153 kW) at 5600 rpm and 200 lbft (271 Nm) at 4400 rpm with a compression ratio of 9.5:1 and a 6500 rpm redline. With the end of the Chevy Cobalt S/C SS and Saturn Ion Red Line, The LSJ will no longer be available in a production car after 2007.<br />
<br />The LSJ was on the Ward&#8217;s 10 Best Engines list for 2006.<br />
<br />This engine is used in:<br />
<br />Year(s)<br />
<br />Model<br />
<br />Power<br />
<br />Torque<br />
<br />20042007<br />
<br />Saturn Ion Red Line<br />
<br />205 hp (153 kW) @ 5600 rpm<br />
<br />200 lbft (271 Nm) @ 4400 rpm<br />
<br />20052007<br />
<br />Chevrolet Cobalt SS Supercharged Coupe<br />
<br />205 hp (153 kW) @ 5600 rpm<br />
<br />200 lbft (271 Nm) @ 4400 rpm<br />
<br /> LE5<br />
<br />Ecotec LE5 engine in a 2006 Pontiac Solstice<br />
<br />The LE5 is a larger 2.4 L2,376 cc (145.0 cu in)ersion of the Ecotec. Both the 88 mm (3.5 in) bore and 98 mm (3.9 in) stroke are larger, and Variable Valve Timing on the intake and exhaust improve low-end torque. Compression is 10.4:1. Power is 164-177 hp (123-132 kW) and torque is 159-170 lbft (215-230 Nm). The engine uses a reinforced &#8220;Gen II&#8221; block.<br />
<br />Year(s)<br />
<br />Model<br />
<br />Power<br />
<br />Torque<br />
<br />20062007<br />
<br />Chevrolet Cobalt SS<br />
<br />173 hp (129 kW) @ 6200 rpm<br />
<br />163 lbft (221 Nm) @ 4800 rpm<br />
<br />2008<br />
<br />Chevrolet Cobalt Sport<br />
<br />171 hp (128 kW) @ 6200 rpm<br />
<br />167 lbft (226 Nm) @ 4800 rpm<br />
<br />20062008<br />
<br />Chevrolet HHR<br />
<br />175 hp (130 kW)<br />
<br />165 lbft (224 Nm)<br />
<br />20062008<br />
<br />Pontiac G5/Pursuit<br />
<br />171 hp (128 kW) @ 5800 rpm<br />
<br />167 lbft (226 Nm) @ 4500 rpm<br />
<br />20062009<br />
<br />Pontiac G6<br />
<br />169 hp (126 kW) @ 6300 rpm<br />
<br />162 lbft (220 Nm) @ 4500 rpm<br />
<br />20062009<br />
<br />Pontiac Solstice<br />
<br />173 hp (129 kW) @ 5800 rpm<br />
<br />164 lbft (222 Nm) @ 4500 rpm<br />
<br />20062009<br />
<br />Saturn Sky<br />
<br />173 hp (129 kW) @ 5800 rpm<br />
<br />166 lbft (225 Nm) @ 4800 rpm<br />
<br />20062007<br />
<br />Saturn Ion<br />
<br />175 hp (130 kW) @ 6200 rpm<br />
<br />164 lbft (222 Nm) @ 4800 rpm<br />
<br />20082009<br />
<br />Saturn Aura<br />
<br />169 hp (126 kW)<br />
<br />162 lbft (220 Nm)<br />
<br />2008resent<br />
<br />Chevrolet Malibu<br />
<br />169 hp (126 kW)<br />
<br />162 lbft (220 Nm)<br />
<br />20082009<br />
<br />Saturn Vue<br />
<br />169 hp (126 kW) @ 6200 rpm<br />
<br />161 lbft (218 Nm) @ 5100 rpm<br />
<br />The LE5 is also used in the following overseas models:<br />
<br />2006 GM Taiwan Buick LaCrosse<br />
<br />2006 Shanghai GM Buick LaCrosse<br />
<br /> LAT<br />
<br />The LAT is the designation used for the 2.4 L LE5 when used in GM&#8217;s mild hybrid vehicles.<br />
<br />Year(s)<br />
<br />Model<br />
<br />Power<br />
<br />Torque<br />
<br />Fuel economy (average; 63 mph)<br />
<br />20072009<br />
<br />Saturn Aura Green Line Hybrid<br />
<br />164 hp (122 kW) @ 6400 rpm<br />
<br />159 lbft (216 Nm) @ 5000 rpm<br />
<br />2007<br />
<br />Saturn Vue Green Line Hybrid<br />
<br />170 hp (130 kW) @ 6600 rpm<br />
<br />162 lbft (220 Nm) @ 4200 rpm<br />
<br />2008<br />
<br />Saturn Vue Green Line Hybrid<br />
<br />172 hp (128 kW) @ 6500 rpm<br />
<br />167 lbft (226 Nm) @ 4500 rpm<br />
<br />2008resent<br />
<br />Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid<br />
<br />164 hp (122 kW) @ 6400 rpm<br />
<br />159 lbft (216 Nm) @ 5000 rpm<br />
<br /> LE9<br />
<br />The LE9 is an E85 compatible version of the 2.4 L2,384 cc (145.5 cu in)E5 Ecotec. Bore and stroke are 88 mm (3.5 in) and 98 mm (3.9 in) and has a compression ratio of 10.4:1, the same as the LE5.<br />
<br />Year(s)<br />
<br />Model<br />
<br />Power<br />
<br />Torque<br />
<br />2009resent<br />
<br />Chevrolet HHR<br />
<br />172 hp (128 kW) @ 5800 rpm (gasoline)<br />
<br />167 lbft (226 Nm) @ 4500 rpm (gasoline)<br />
<br />176 hp (131 kW) @ 5800 rpm (E85)<br />
<br />170 lbft (230 Nm) @ 5000 rpm (E85)<br />
<br />2010<br />
<br />Chevrolet Malibu (fleet only)<br />
<br />175 hp (130 kW) @ 5800 rpm (E85)<br />
<br />170 lbft (230 Nm) @ 5000 rpm (E85)<br />
<br /> LAP<br />
<br />The LAP is a 2.2 L2,189 cc (133.6 cu in)ersion of the Ecotec, based on the Gen II block. Bore and stroke are 86 mm (3.4 in) and 94.6 mm (3.72 in), the same as the 2.2 L L61. Compression ratio is 10.0:1. Major features that set it apart from the 2.2 L L61 are variable-valve-timing and other cylinder head improvements from the 2.4 L LE5.<br />
<br />Year(s)<br />
<br />Model<br />
<br />Power<br />
<br />Torque<br />
<br />2009<br />
<br />Chevrolet Cobalt<br />
<br />155 hp (116 kW) @ 6100 rpm<br />
<br />150 lbft (203 Nm) @ 4900 rpm<br />
<br />2009<br />
<br />Pontiac G5<br />
<br />155 hp (116 kW) @ 6100 rpm<br />
<br />150 lbft (203 Nm) @ 4900 rpm<br />
<br /> LE8<br />
<br />The LE8 is an E85 compatible 2.2 L2,189 cc (133.6 cu in)ersion of the LAP Ecotec. Bore and stroke remain the same 86 mm (3.4 in) and 94.6 mm (3.72 in). Compression ratio is 10.0:1 and the engine can run on both regular unleaded gasoline or E85.<br />
<br />Year(s)<br />
<br />Model<br />
<br />Power<br />
<br />Torque<br />
<br />2009<br />
<br />Chevrolet HHR<br />
<br />155 hp (116 kW) @ 6100 rpm (gasoline)<br />
<br />150 lbft (203 Nm) @ 4800 rpm (gasoline)<br />
<br />160 hp (120 kW) @ 6000 rpm (E85)<br />
<br />158 lbft (214 Nm) @ 4600 rpm (E85)<br />
<br /> LAF<br />
<br />The LAF is a direct injected 2.4 L. It uses technology based on GM other four-cylinder direct injection applications, but with unique features designed for its specific application. This includes an 11.4:1 compression ratio that helps build power, slightly dished pistons that increase combustion efficiency and injectors with an application-specific flow rate.<br />
<br />Year(s)<br />
<br />Model<br />
<br />Power<br />
<br />Torque<br />
<br />2010<br />
<br />GMC Terrain<br />
<br />Chevrolet Equinox<br />
<br />182 hp (136 kW) @ 6700 rpm (gasoline)<br />
<br />172 lbft (233 Nm) @ 4900 rpm (gasoline)<br />
<br />2010<br />
<br />Buick LaCrosse<br />
<br />182 hp (136 kW) @ 6700 rpm<br />
<br />172 lbft (233 Nm) @ 4900 rpm<br />
<br />2011<br />
<br />Buick Regal<br />
<br />182 hp (136 kW) @ 6700 rpm<br />
<br />172 lbft (233 Nm) @ 4900 rpm<br />
<br /> D-TEC/E-TEC II<br />
<br />Holden makes various Family II engines for GM India and GM Daewoo at its Melbourne plant. Variations include displacements from 1.8 L to 2.4 L. Unlike the Ecotec engines, the block is made of iron.<br />
<br /> L34<br />
<br />This is the 2.0 L1,998 cc (121.9 cu in)ariant of the engines, featuring an 86 mm (3.4 in) bore and 86 mm (3.4 in) stroke. Power is 119 hp (89 kW) at 5400 rpm and torque is 126 lbft (171 Nm).<br />
<br />The engine has been used on following vehicles:<br />
<br />Chevrolet Optra<br />
<br />Chevrolet Evanda<br />
<br />Suzuki Reno<br />
<br />Suzuki Forenza<br />
<br /> Other models<br />
<br />1.8 L &#8211; Chevrolet Lacetti, Chevrolet Nubira, Chevrolet Rezzo<br />
<br />C24SE, *2.4 L SOHC &#8211; Isuzu Rodeo<br />
<br />2.4 L DOHC &#8211; Chevrolet Captiva, Opel Antara<br />
<br /> GM do Brasil<br />
<br />General Motors do Brasil specializes in older SOHC FlexPower (alcohol and petrol powered) iron block engines.<br />
<br />X20XE2.0 L SFI SOHC 8V FlexPower<br />
<br />X24XF2.4 L MPFI SOHC 8V FlexPower<br />
<br />X24SFD2.4 L SFI DOHC 16V FlexPower<br />
<br />In 2004, a 2.0 L MultiPower engine was made available for the taxi market which could use gasoline, alcohol and natural gas.<br />
<br />A 2.0 L FlexPower engine is available for the current Chevrolet Astra and Vectra. The 2006 Chevrolet Vectra also received a 2.4 L 16V FlexPower engine.<br />
<br /> Ariel Atom<br />
<br />In late 2005 Brammo Motorsports struck a deal with GM for a Supercharged 2.0 L Ecotec for their Ariel Atom. The engine came in various ratings from 205 hp (153 kW) to 300 hp (220 kW). Jay Leno received the very first Atom for commercial sale in the US by Brammo.<br />
<br /> See also<br />
<br />GM 122 engine<br />
<br />GM Family 1 engine<br />
<br />GM Family 0 engine<br />
<br />List of GM engines<br />
<br /> Notes<br />
<br />^ &#8220;Big Power, Small Package&#8221;. AutoWeek. http://autoweek.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060403/FREE/60403004/1024/LATESTNEWS. Retrieved April 4, 2006. <br />
<br />^ Roth, Dan (2008-12-17). &#8220;DI FTW: GM unveils new direct-injection 2.4 L EcoTec and 3.0 L V6&#8243;. autoblog.com. http://www.autoblog.com/2008/12/18/di-ftw-gm-new-direct-inject-2-4l-ecotec-and-3-0l-v6. Retrieved 2008-12-17. <br />
<br />^ http://www.gminsidenews.com/forums/f63/naias-09-2010-ecotec-2-4l-sidi-73038/<br />
<br /> References<br />
<br />Larry Webster. &#8220;Getting Rid of the H-Word&#8221;. Car and Driver (May 2000): 93. <br />
<br /> External links<br />
<br />http://media.gm.com/us/powertrain/en/product_services/2008/08car.htm<br />
<br /> Categories: GM enginesHidden categories: Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from June 2008           </p>
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